Accessories for MODULAR Version DUAL-PAM-100

Linear Positioning System 3010-DUAL/B

For measurements of leaves or suspensions using the low-drift accessory for DUAL-K25. Employing a high-quality rack and pinion drive, the system adjusts precisely and smoothly the distance between two measuring heads, for example, measuring heads DUAL-DB(-DR) and DUAL-E, or measuring heads DUAL-DP515 and DUAL-EP515.

Set of Optical Pinholes DUAL-OP for P700 Measurements

When leaf samples are smaller than the crossectional area of the measuring beam, the measuring light bypassing the leaf diminishes the P700 signal quality. To prevent the negative effects of bypassing measuring light, we offer a set of optical pinholes (DUAL-OP) to adjust the crossectional area of the measuring beam to the sample area.

Photodiode-Detector Unit DUAL-DPD

The DUAL-DPD is used when fluorescence levels of suspensions are too low to be accurately detected by the DUAL-DB or DUAL-DR heads. Compared to the two latter units, the DUAL-DPD detector is about tenfold more sensitive permitting measurements down to concentrations of 5 µg Chl/L using the blue modulated excitation light of the DUAL-DB head. Normally, the DUAL-DPD is mounted on the ED-101US/MD optical compartment right-angled to the DUAL-DB or DUAL-DR head.

Photomultiplier-Detector Unit DUAL-DPM

The outstanding sensitivity of the photomultiplier DUAL-DPM exceeds the performance of the DUAL-DPD photodiode. Using the DUAL-DPM in conjunction with the DUAL-DB unit, which provides blue modulated for fluorescence excitation, allows reliable measurements of suspensions with chlorophyll concentrations down to 0.5 µg/L. Like the DUAL-DPD photodiode, the DUAL-DPM is mounted on the ED-101US/MD optical compartment right-angled to the DUAL-DB or DUAL-DR head.

90 Degree Measuring Head Holder DUAL-H90

For fluorescence measurements with leaves. The holder positions two measuring heads so that their optical axes are at right angles to each other. Fluorescence excitation and detection is at an angle of 45 degrees. Designed for simultaneously recording short and long wavelength fluorescence (DUAL-PAM-100 application), and for assessment of epidermal UV-A screening (MULTI-COLOR-PAM application).

P515/535 emitter-detector module for simultaneous measurements of 515-520 nm ("P515") and 535 nm ("scattering") absorbance changes

The module consists of the P515/535 Emitter Head (DUAL-EP515) and the P515/535 Detector Head (DUAL-DP515). The module is designed to measure absorbance changes in the green spectral region (500 - 550 nm) of leaves and suspensions. Using 515-520 nm measuring light with 550 nm as reference signal, the electrochromic band shift (ECS) is probed. From the ECS, information on the proton motive force (PMF) can be derived. Membrane structural changes are probed at 535 nm.

Accessory for Low-Drift Absorbance Measurements DUAL-K25

By employing a vertical optical pathway the DUAL-K25 quartz glass cuvette reduces baseline drifts caused by particle settling in suspensions of isolated chloroplasts, unicellular algae and cyanobacteria.

Two-way Adapter for Unilateral Actinic Illumination DUAL-TW

Usually, the MODULAR version of the DUAL-PAM-100 illuminates the sample from two sides. When one-sided illumination is needed, the P700 emitter DUAL-E is connected via the adapter DUAL-TW to the Power-and-Control-Unit DUAL-C.

Combining the DUAL-PAM-100 with Gas Exchange Measurements Using the DUAL-PAM-100 Gas-Exchange Cuvette (3010-DUAL)

To combine chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 measurements with gas exchange measurements using the Walz GFS-3000 gas exchange system, we have developed the DUAL-PAM-100 gas-exchange cuvette (3010-DUAL).

Optical Unit ED-101US/MD

For measurements with suspensions using 10 x 10 mm fluorescence cuvettes, we provide a black aluminum unit (ED-101US/MD). The unit holds the fluorescence cuvette in its center and has four light ports to connect standard measuring heads of the DUAL-PAM-100 or alternative fluorescence detectors. A two-part black cover of the cuvette compartment with syringe port is provided.

Miniature Magnetic Stirrer PHYTO-MS

Settling of particles is prevented by using a miniature magnetic stirrer (US-MS). The stirrer is mounted directly beneath the sample cuvette. A rotating magnetic field created by the stirrer tip moves a miniature magnetic stir bar in the cuvette. The stirrer is connected to the DUAL-PAM-100 control unit (DUAL-C). Stirring can be switched on and off by the DualPAM software.

Micro Quantum Sensor US-SQS/WB

Exact light measurements in suspensions (but also in air) can be carried out by the spherical micro quantum sensor (US-SQS/WB). The sensor has a small, 3.7 mm diameter sphere as the entrance optics. When the sensor is connected to the DUAL-PAM-100 control unit (DUAL-C), light intensity data will be acquired and processed by the DualPAM software.

Temperature Control Unit US-T

The US-T unit consists of a heat-transfer head with a cooling/heating Peltier element, and a separate power-and-control unit. The heat-transfer head is mounted on top of a Walz optical unit (ED-101US-type) so that the tip of the rod is in touch with the suspension being investigated. The maximum temperature difference relative to the ambient temperature is -12 K and +15 K, respectively.

Download the manual for detailed information.

Temperature Control Block ED-101US/T

For measurements under defined temperatures, a temperature control block (ED- 101US/T) can be mounted on the optical unit (ED-101US/MD). The block consists of an inner flow-trough metal part which is slightly pressed on the sample cuvette by a spring mechanism, and an external foam part for temperature insulation. Temperature control is achieved by an external flow-through water bath (not included) connected to the temperature block.

Acridine Orange/Yellow fluorescence emitter-detector module for assessment of proton gradients in intact cyanobacteria

The module is designed to measure the fluorescence of the dyes Acridine Orange or Acridine Yellow. The fluorescence of these dyes is quenched by the formation of delta pH by photosynthesis.

NADPH/9-AA module for measurements of NADPH/NADH and 9-AA fluorescence in suspensions of isolated chloroplast, unicellular algae and cyanobacteria

The module uses UV-A excitation light and detects blue fluorescence. It is suited to measure the delta pH dependent quenching of 9-aminoacridine. By using a photomultiplier with high spectral response in the blue range, the rather weak NADPH fluorescence can be detected.